5 mins read
Food fraud is a real risk for Australian food brands.
Food fraud – an intentional act of tampering with food for economic gain – is estimated to affect up to 10 per cent of all commercially sold food products.
Designed to be undetected by food brands, it is often difficult to know its true nature and reach. As food supply chains becoming increasingly globalised, with geopolitical risk factors and environmental variables impacting the availability of raw ingredients, not only will food fraud persist, it will evolve to thwart new measures introduced to stop it.
SAI Global have conducted thousands of audits at food retailers and manufacturers and can reveal the seven types of food fraud that all Australian businesses in the food supply chain need to look out for.
We reveal the 7 types of food fraud that are prevalent in the food industry:
1. Adulteration
Many food businesses do not have strong enough measures in place to protect their foods from adulteration, which is the act of adding another substance to a food item, usually for profit. One of the food ingredients most at risk of adulteration are spices, such as oregano leaves. In 2016, an Australian distributor of oregano leaves was fined $10,800 by the ACCC after its product was found to contain less than 50 per cent oregano leaves.
2. Tampering
Product or package tampering is the intentional modification – or sabotage – of a food product or packaging, usually in a way that can make them harmful to the consumer. A major example was the strawberry tampering incidents in September 2018, whereby sewing needles were inserted into Australian strawberries. It led to a series of copycat incidences in the industry, with devastating consequences for strawberry growers across the country. Tampering is not only related to food. The deliberate extension of expiry dates beyond the accepted parameter on dairy or meat products are other examples of tampering that can have potentially hazardous consequences.
3. Over run (or unauthorised production)
This type of food fraud refers to legitimate products that are made in excess of production agreements. The additional production volume can then end up in the supply chain under alternative, sometimes misleading labels. The potential public health threat is that fraudulent product is distributed outside of a regulated or controlled supply chain.
4. Theft
This is where legitimate products are stolen and enter the market through less regulated – sometimes criminal – means. The danger comes when products are smuggled, co-mingled with other products, and then re-distributed to reach a target market. In the USA, food and drink are the largest dollar value of cargo theft, with the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) reporting food and drink as the most stolen type of freight since 2008.
5. Diversion
This refers to the sale or distribution of legitimate products that never actually reach their target market. A good example is the diversion of relief food to markets where aid is not needed or required. The UN’s food relief agency recently found that local officials in Sana’a, in Yemen, were manipulating the food assistance lists that determine who receives aid and were ‘illicitly’ removing food from distribution centres.
6. Counterfeit
Food fraud extends to immediate or imminent counterfeiting – the act of passing off inferior goods as established and reputable brands. This includes the production of known, branded foods outside of regulatory controls, with some of the most common being olive oil, spices (like cinnamon and oregano), and honey.
7. Simulation
Imitation may be the highest form of flattery, but not in the case of food fraud. Simulation, which is very close to counterfeiting, occurs when an illegitimate product is designed to look like, but not exactly copy, the legitimate product. An Australian honey company came under fire in 2018 after tests found almost half of supermarket honey samples had been adulterated with sugar syrup. Essentially, fraudsters had created a ‘knock off’ honey and were selling it for a higher price, which led to reputational damage for the company involved.